However, a single product that guarantees prevention against endoparasites, ectoparasites and canine VBD is not yet available. sand flies and mosquitoes).Īdvances in research for the control of endo- and ectoparasites have resulted in the development of several highly effective veterinary products for the prevention of canine VBD. This means that dogs living in these areas are at risk for both diseases during at least 4–6 months per year on average, which corresponds to the period of activity of the respective vectors (i.e. immitis is overlapping in several European countries, including Albania, Greece, France, Italy, Portugal and Spain. As a result, the current distribution of CanL and canine heartworm disease (CHD) due to D. Changes in vector presence, abundance and activity, as well as increased movements of animals from endemic areas into free territories and vice versa, seem to play key roles in this change in epidemiology. Several drivers are currently influencing the epidemiology of these diseases. Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, and canine dirofilariosis, due to Dirofilaria immitis or Dirofilaria repens, are among the most diffused and common VBD of dogs throughout Europe. Their role as vectors of many pathogens highlights the need for an efficacious year-round strategy of control. Įctoparasite infections, mainly caused by fleas and ticks, constantly challenge dogs. The ratio of endoparasitic infections is higher if kennel dogs are included in the epidemiological surveys. A recent survey conducted on 1390 owned dogs reported that more than a third of them were shedding eggs/cysts of endoparasites, i.e. Despite better attention to canine health and the use of highly effective anti-parasitic products, recent studies conducted throughout Europe have shown that intestinal nematode infections remain a common occurrence in dogs. kennels or shelters) and/or with access to the outdoors. The risk is higher in animals living in communities (e.g. The combination was effective in controlling fleas, ticks, gastro-intestinal nematodes, and neither new seroconversion to the tested vector-borne pathogens nor blood microfilariae were detected in treated dogs at the end of the study.ĭogs are continuously exposed to parasitic infections and vector-borne diseases (VBD), with some of them being of zoonotic concern. ConclusionsĬoncomitant use of Frontline Tri-Act® and NexGard Spectra® in dogs for six months was well tolerated. Blood and serum samples collected on Day 168 were tested for vector-borne pathogens using same methods of the inclusion and no new seroconversions or circulating blood microfilariae were observed. Ectoparasites were significantly controlled during the 6-month study period, with 100% efficacy on both fleas and ticks from Day 56 to Day 168. Twenty-four hours after the first treatment, 95.8% of the ectoparasite infested dogs were free from fleas and ticks. Hunting dogs were free of roundworms and whipworms. All pet dogs were nematode free at the end of the study. At Day 14, anthelminthic efficacy was 100% for Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina and Capillaria aerophila, while few hunting dogs were still shedding eggs of Trichuris vulpis (1/25 hunting dog) and Ancylostomatidae (9/25 hunting dogs). No adverse events related to the two products, nor skin reactions, general signs, or changes in the haematological profile, were observed during the study. All the included dogs were treated at Days 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 140, and followed-up for efficacy until the study end (Day 168). Of the included dogs, six hunting, apparently healthy, dogs were ELISA (rapid test) positive to Leishmania, and some were naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes (58.5%) and/or infested by fleas (58.5%) and ticks (9.8%). The dogs were also negative for blood microfilariae at the Knott’s test, and no clinical or haematological abnormalities were observed. At inclusion, the dogs were ELISA (rapid test) negative for antibodies to Anaplasma, Borrelia, Ehrlichia, and for antigens of Dirofilaria. Sixteen dogs were pet dogs living each in a single household twenty-five dogs were hunting dogs living in three kennels. Methodsįorty-one healthy dogs living in highly endemic area for canine leishmaniosis and other canine vector borne diseases (VBD) were included in the study at the beginning of the Leishmania transmission season. Safety and efficacy of the combined monthly use of spot-on fipronil 6.76% w/v / permethrin 50.48% w/v (Frontline Tri-Act®) and chewable tablets of afoxolaner 1.9% w/w / milbemycin oxime 0.4% w/w (NexGard Spectra®) in dogs was evaluated in a field study over a period of 6 months.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |